Jail and Prison Essay

Numerous individuals in the United States don't realize that there are contrasts among prison and jail and what they are. Neighborhood locales, for example, regions and urban communities, use correctional facilities to keep wrongdoers for brief timeframes. A jail, or prison, is constrained by the state, and is utilized to keep sentenced lawbreakers for longer term (Schmallenger, 2011). A prison is intended for transient guilty parties, and has a larger number of enhancements than a jail. Prisons house people who have been indicted to carry out a short punishment, typically one year or less, confine people anticipating preliminary, holding back to pay bail or denied bail, and prisoners hung on doubt of perpetrating a wrongdoing. Most correctional facilities are intended to hold an extremely modest number of crooks, and have low security when contrasted with jails. For instance, the Durango Jail in Phoenix, Arizona, houses around 2,214 detainees. They give a broadly useful day room zone with seating regions, and a restroom region with sinks, latrines, and showers, and have two huge outside territories for entertainment. The prison likewise incorporates a clinical facility, house of prayer and instruction study halls where detainees can go to booked strict and instructive projects for the duration of the day (â€Å"Mcso†, 2013). Prisons assume a significant job in the criminal equity framework, and without them, there would not be a spot to hold these transient detainees and wrongdoers. A jail is a lot bigger than a prison, and fit for taking care of unquestionably more detainees. The detainees are normally arranged and isolated based on the kinds of violations that they have been indicted for as a wellbeing safety measure, and there are three sorts of penitentiaries: least security, medium security, and greatest security. Least security prisoners regularly have private rooms and can stroll around more unreservedly, just as supermarket visits to buy sweets and tobacco. Medium security penitentiaries are more quarters like and have walled entertainment zones. Most extreme security penitentiaries have more boundaries, towers, equipped watches, and prisoners have far less leisure time and open zones. As per â€Å"Arizona Department of Corrections† (2013), the Tucson Prison Complex in Tucson, Arizona, as of now has an all out populace of roughly 3,700 detainees and an ability to hold up to 5,170 detainees. Courtesies incorporate exercise zones, regular territories for eating and associating in lower security regions, church offices, and an instructive office (Schmallenger, 2011). On account of the long span of most jail sentences, a mind boggling social, and political structure emerges among the detainees. Detainees structure inner circles and endeavor to make their predominance inside the wall and dividers. Jail culture and subculture influence the day by day lives of detainees from the second they step foot in to a jail. Detainees are characterized by their position, or order, and are filled by having control over others and their notoriety is in question. Trading things, for example, tobacco, food, medications and improvised weapons is a method of picking up power, just as utilizing sexual power and strength (Schmallenger, 2011). Gatherings are framed, packs are made and increased, and are frequently founded on race, ethnicity, religion and what your identity was associated with outside of the jail entryways. Because of these subcultures, vicious wrongdoings happen, the STD rate increments and the jail clinical costs increment. Setting guilty parties waiting on the post trial process or parole may impact the measurements, yet not by much, as events and savagery are continually continuous. Probation, an elective type of condemning, permits indicted guilty parties to maintain a strategic distance from prison time. They are discharged go into the network, yet should observe an exacting arrangement of rules. Rules can incorporate time limitation, keeping up an occupation, and checking in with a post trial supervisor consistently. Probation is a valuable device for the network, as it permits guilty parties to become positive good examples in the public eye by taking an interest in network administration just as sparing citizen dollars on possibly superfluous jail costs. Parole is represented by the official branch and is the restrictive arrival of a convict who has served some portion of his term in jail (University of Phoenix, 2011). The basic role is to return guilty parties bit by bit to beneficial lives and are normally conceded by a parole board to a detainee with a decent record and great direct while in jail. Condemning guilty parties to probation or discharging people on parole can let loose a huge number of dollars every year, as it can cost somewhere in the range of $12,000 to $60,000 every year to house a prisoner (CNN Money, 2013). There are likewise a couple of different options in contrast to probation and parole that are additionally gainful, for example, sedate treatment offices, houseâ arrest and electronic observing, asylums, training camp detainment facilities, and work-discharge programs. Correctional facilities and detainment facilities, as a piece of the criminal equity framework, assume a significant job in the public eye. By preventing wrongdoing, making sure about crooks, and endeavoring to restore the individuals who have overstepped the law, they teach society, yet make a case of the individuals who effectively have finished condemning and restoration and have made themselves prospering results of society. References MCSO. (2013). Recovered from http://www.mcso.org/JailInformation/Durango.aspx Schmallenger, F. (2011). Criminal Justice Today. An Introductory Text for the 21st Century (eleventh ed.). : Prentice Hall. College of Phoenix. (2011). CJi Interactive. Recovered from University of Phoenix, CJA204 site. Arizona Department of Corrections. (2013). Recovered from http://www.azcorrections.gov/detainment facilities/Prisca_Prisons_Tucson.aspx CNN Money. (2013). Recovered from http://www.money.cnn.com/infographic/economy/instruction vsprisoncosts/

Changing social and legal dimensions of race relations in The US from Essay

Changing social and legitimate components of race relations in The US from 1920-1950 - Essay Example The element of this paper is to achieve the current idea in the treatment of the Africans and different migrants in America and to concentrate on the point whether America is totally liberated from the racial segregation towards the African people group in their place. America is a huge nation where settlers could be found in each express, this is because of the incredible modification of correspondence and weight in training esteems and instructive arrangements. All through the world Education has begun increasing an absolute noteworthiness and understudies travel to other non-local nations so as to improve their instructive status. The out look of the Government is additionally in the prompt procedure of evolving. So it acknowledges the understudies from different nations. It is a two route salary to their nation, in one way the Government gains a great deal pay from the appearance of outside understudies and on the opposite side foundation is completed in their instructive divisions. While dissecting the state of the American culture between the years 1920-1950 an extensive change could be seen, yet at the same time not a total change is acknowledged. In the mean time it is truly fascinating to discover confirmations of the circumstance in regards to the race relations in the composed works of Authors’ like Ralph Ellison. The â€Å"Invisible Man† by Ellison mirrors the storyteller as a key source to convey the message that how he ends up as an imperceptible man among the individuals of America. The rundown of embarrassments, the distinctive method of reaction, the obliviousness with which he had neglected to perceive the incongruity and the treatment of the white higher authorities towards the dark individuals were totally added to the reasons for his out happen to â€Å"Invisible Man†. The title has a profound noteworthiness in it; Ellison himself talks in the spot of the storyteller. It is an assortment of his involvement with America. It is smarter to experience the life of Ellison before he turned into a

The Iron Lady Essay Example for Free

The Iron Lady Essay The Iron Lady BY sptke25 The Iron Lady If you lead a nation like Britain, a solid nation, a nation which has taken a lead in world undertakings in great occasions and in terrible, a nation that is constantly dependable, at that point you must have a dash of iron about you. Margaret Thatcher, the main lady to lead a significant Western vote based system, talked these words. She filled in as Great Britains Prime Minister for over eleven years (1979-1990), and drove with an iron clench hand cutting down expansion in England, resuscitating the British economy, recovering the Falkland Islands, and never faltering against the Soviets neglected War. Conceived as Margaret Hilda Roberts on October 13, 1925, in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, she was the most youthful girl of Alfred and Beatrice Roberts. Her dad was a nearby specialist who worked a supermarket where the Roberts family lived in a loft above. Thatcher was acquainted with governmental issues by her dad. He was dynamic in the town committee and later became city hall leader. She was acknowledged at Oxford University where she examined science, in spite of the fact that it came in just short of the leader to her adoration for legislative issues. Along these lines, she turned out to be politically dynamic nearby. She was chosen leader of the understudy Conservative Association at Oxford which ave approach to numerous political associations for her future. She ran as the Conservative contender for the Labor seat of Dartford at the General Elections of 1950 and 1951. Despite the fact that she lost the multiple times, she won popularity for being the most youthful lady competitor in the nation, since during the races; she was uniquely in her mid-Losing never deflected Thatcher. She proceeded with her inclusion with twenties. the Conservative Party in Kent where she met her future spouse, Denis Thatcher. They were hitched in 1951. He, being a well off businessperson, financed her examinations for the bar, and she turned into a counselor in 1953. It was that equivalent year she and her significant other energetically invited their twins, Mark and Carol into their family. Despite the fact that another mother, Margaret Thatcher didn't hinder her political frenzy. She kept concentration lastly in 1959 she easily took the political race and guaranteed her seat in the House of Commons. She was everything from Secretary at the Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance to Secretary of State for Education and Science. She increased numerous supporters, just as filling numerous dissidents; particularly when she felt compelled to make cuts in the Educational spending plan and hurled out free milk in the schools. This activity picked up her the epithet, Maggie Thatcher, milk snatcher. Her fame and courage as a pioneer bounced back pleasantly, and she turned into the Conservative Leader. On January nineteenth, 1976 Thatcher delivered a discourse in Kensington Town Hall. During this discourse, she strongly assaulted the Soviet Union. Her most popular lines were: The Russians are bowed on world predominance, and they are quickly securing the way to turn into the most remarkable magnificent country the world has seen. The men in the Soviet Politburo don't need to stress over the back and forth movement of general feeling. They put weapons before spread, while we put Just about verything before firearms. Service paper, Red Star. In spite of the fact that others may have been irritated by this, Thatcher invested wholeheartedly in picking up that notoriety from an administration she held next to zero adoration for. Throughout the winter of 78/79 a pestilence of strikes broke out across Britain. The worker's guild was requesting pay increments. The legislature set up at that point, the Labors, appeared to lose the certainty of people in general, so at the General Election of May 1979, the Conservative party won. Margaret Thatcher was presently the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The primary term of Thatchers Ministry was loaded up with financial traps. She and her administration put many long haul objectives into impact, which gradually end up being fruitful. The economy was at last on the ascent. Much political help was offered to her on account of this achievement, and re-appointment looked suitable, yet that destiny would be fixed by another occasion: The Falkland Islands. Argentina and Great Britain had been for quite a long time at chances with one another over the islands. The English had held onto the Islands and stayed in charge of them since 1833. However on April 2, 1982 the Argentine soldiers attacked the island. They rapidly had the option to beat the British marines positioned there. Margaret Thatcher working with the U. S. dministration trusted that an increasingly political methods would be conceivable while endeavoring to recapture the islands, yet when this methodology fizzled, she rapidly and definitely requested military activity. In doing as such, Britain recovered the Falkland Islands by June of 1982. The electorate was very intrigued and she quickly won the 1983 political decision. Mrs. Thatcher was a firm enemy of s ocialist and a supporter of NATOs choice to convey U. S. Pershing and journey rockets in Western Europe during the Cold War. She likewise stood firm against hostile to atomic demonstrators at Greenam Common. The demonstrators were determined to fixing the conveyance of the 160 rockets to be set there. She additionally set the establishment for and conveyed a modernized British Fleet comprising of Trident II atomic submarines. She made her position very clear as she remained with Ronald Reagan pronouncing that the Soviet Union was an underhanded foe who merited No trade off, nonetheless, didn't mean no conversation; Thatcher bargain. was not reluctant to examine the enormous atomic issue or the misfortunes of socialism with the recently chosen Soviet pioneer, Mikhail Gorbachev. She saw him as incredibly receptive. He was eager to discuss, contend his point, yet tune in to the ther side. In a meeting with CBS newsman Tom Fenton, she expressed that he was the primary individual to have stated: Look, every one of our expectations of socialism are not being figured it out. It isn't delivering the way of life, it isn't creating the standard of innovation, it isn't creating the standard of social administrations. This complete focal control won't do, it won't do it, we must have progressively singular individual association. She felt that Gorbachev knew an expansion of opportunity was unavoidable for improving his nation. Thatcher found that she enjoyed the man and was cited as saying that she felt they could work together.

Effective Treatment For PTSD In American Veterans - 275 Words

Auricular Acupuncture An Effective Treatment For PTSD In American Veterans (Research Paper Sample) Content: Auricular Acupuncture An Effective Treatment For PTSD In American Veterans[Name of the Writer][Name of the Institution]Auricular Acupuncture An Effective Treatment For PTSD In American VeteransOne of the most common issues that are being faced by the veterans is the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. It is classified as the stress disorder that is developed after any stressful even or situation that had been extremely stressful or catastrophic in nature for any person (King et al. 2016). Most of the times, whenever there is a case of the stress disorder the most common problem that is being faced are that it is followed by the pervaris distress that is common in PTSD (Wheeler et al. 2017). It has to be noted that PTSD is classified as an anxiety disorder and most of the times; it is defined as the coexistence of many symptoms that are combined together (King et al. 2015). The most common symptoms that one gets to see are the experiencing of the past issues, the marked avoidance and the hyper arousal (Wheeler et al. 2017). The veterans are the ones that are most affected by this order and it is estimated that about 6 to 25 % of the veterans are affected by this ailment (King et al. 2016). In this paper, it would be seen that how the Auricular Acupuncture helps with the treatment of the stress disorder and how effective it has been in its overall treatment (King et al. 2016).Recognition of the Auricular Acupuncture as a Global TherapyWhen one talks about the effectiveness of the Auricular Acupuncture, it is most commonly recognized as a mainstream CAM therapy (Wheeler et al. 2017). As it is known to everyone it is the practice in which the insertion of needles is carried out into the certain parts of the body. These points are known as the meridian Acupuncture points (King et al. 2016). The whole premises of the treatment are to make sure that it is carried out for the therapeutic and preventive purposes (King et al. 2016). Despite it is percei ved as somewhat a painful treatment, the research has showed that the patients who have opted for this style of treatment have general founded it to be rather safe and cost effective in the long run (King et al. 2016).Usage of the Auricular Acupuncture in the Treatment of the Mental DisordersEven though not much has been carried out in this regard, the limited evidence that is carried out with regards to the usage of the Auricular Acupuncture for the treatment of the mental disorders has turned out to be rather effective to say the least (King et al. 2015). There are many mental disorders whose treatment has been carried out in an efficient manner with the help of the Auricular Acupuncture such as dementia, eating disorders, schizophrenia and hosts of other sleeping disorders (King et al. 2016).Systematic Review of the Treatment by Auricular Acupuncture for PTSDOne of the first systematic reviews that were carried out using the whole thing was that of the Meta analysis and the whol e premises of the treatment was based on the prospective clinical trials that were carried out in the whole time period (King et al. 2016). The key thing that was needed to be taken care off during the course of the treatment was to make sure that how the trial for the effectiveness of the Auricular Acupuncture is going to be effective for the treatment of the PTSD (King et al. 2016). When the high quality RCT was showed, it displayed the fact that how there were going to be considerable effects regarding the way waitlist control was supposed to be carried out (King et al. 2016). Despite the fact that the result was positive, there was not statistical difference that was observed in the given time period especially if one talks about the link that exists between the acupuncture and the CBT (King et al. 2016). The other thing that was observed during the course of the whole treatment was that how the therapeutic effect in this case was quite similar to that of the CBT therapy that was based on the earlier trials that was carried out in the same time period (Conboy et al. 2016). The other thing that was being done was the way clinical improvement was observed in the given time period (Conboy et al. 2016). The whole thing was related to the Auricular Acupuncture as well as the CBT lasted for about 3 months specially the case that was witnessed after the treatment was seen in the high quality RCT (Conboy et al. 2016).Meta Analysis of the TreatmentThe Meta analysis of the treatment showed that the whole Auricular Acupuncture as well as the moxibustion turned out to be much superior especially in the case of the oral SSRI for the cases that are related to the PTSD (Conboy et al. 2016). The results thus seem to be quite positive and suggest towards the fact that how the fact that all the results that are carried out based on the Meta analysis are on the premises of the medium quality RCT (Conboy et al. 2016). The other interesting observation that was witness ed during the whole process was that how the CBT used by the acupoint stimulation turned out to be more effective as compared to the CBT that was alone in reducing the effects of the PTSD symptoms (Conboy et al. 2016). It has to be noted though that the acupuncture treatment in this case was not described in the transparent manner (Conboy et al. 2016).Comparison of the Cochrane and the Eventual Risk of the BiasIn the next section, it would be interesting to witness what are some of the patterns that were witnessed in terms of the reporting quality (Conboy et al. 2016). The idea is to make sure that the comparison of the Cochrane risk of bias is carried out along with the CONSORT 2010 checklist (Conboy et al. 2016). The other important determinant is to make sure that the studies that are taking into account the high reporting quality are taken into consideration as well as making sure that how they are complying with the higher STRICTA guidelines (Conboy et al. 2016). The key thing that was witnessed in more or less all the results that how they were not able to define the adverse effects that are related to the Auricular Acupuncture (Conboy et al. 2016). It is an important discovery that goes to show the there is enough statistical evidence for the claim to be made that the Auricular Acupuncture is an effective treatment method (Conboy et al. 2016).Clinical Importance of the PTSDAs there is enough statistical background to claim the fact that the Auricular Acupuncture has been useful when it comes to the treatment of the PTSD, the next important thing that is needed to be discussed is that what is the clinical importance of the Auricular Acupuncture for the cases in PTSD (King et al. 2015). It has to be noted that Auricular Acupuncture has been rather effective when it comes to its use in the emergency medication situations (Conboy et al. 2016). The recent case study has suggested the fact that how the whole thing has been rather effective when it c omes to make sure that the treatment of the PTSD is carried out in the right manner and how it helps in the cases where considerable emotional trauma is involved (King et al. 2015). One main reason that the Auricular Acupuncture has been popular among the veterans which is a big factor in its success is the fact that as compared to some of the other methods of the treatment, it is lots more convenience (Conboy et al. 2016). The medical device that is being used for the treatment is considerably cheap and rather easy to use for the professionals who are trained in this sort of treatment (Conboy et al. 2016). It is one of the prime reasons that the mental disorder patients, specially the veterans are specially opting for this type of treatment to make sure that there is some remedy and degree of control witnessed in their problems (Conboy et al. 2016).Studies and Results Conducted by the PentagonThe studies t...

Roman Empire The Greatest Social And Political Center Of...

At its height, the Roman Empire was the greatest social and political center in western civilization. The empire survived for about 500 years, from 31 BCE to 476 CE. The land under Roman rule surrounded the Mediterranean Sea; its territory reached from Europe to the western part of the Middle East to the northern part of Africa. As Kathryn Hinds said in The Ancient Romans, â€Å"Ancient Rome has always been famous for its great achievements in architecture and engineering.† Roman architecture eventually became its own distinct style. Although Greek culture and architecture influenced the Roman style, the Roman love for socializing, business, and games had a greater impact in shaping the way Romans designed buildings and cities. Even though Roman architecture was heavily influenced by Roman society and values, the style also pulled many ideas from Greek culture. Romans kept many architectural and building styles from the Etruscans, Rome’s predecessor. They also gained s ome Greek ideas through the Etruscans. Greeks and Etruscans immigrated to the Italian Peninsula around 750 BCE, mostly in the south and Sicily. Greeks set up trading systems and brought their art, architecture, literature, alphabet, and gods to what is now Italy, all of which became a part of Roman culture. Due to the Greek presence in Roman territory, examples of classical Greek architecture were all around Roman architects. By the mid-2nd century BCE, many buildings in the Greek style were being built in RomeShow MoreRelated Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe Romans were on one of the greatest people of all. They had power, wealth, and even a half of the world. They built one of the strongest and vast empire that world has ever seen. They came from nothing to something awesome. It started of as a city and ended up being one of the greatest empire of all. 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Public Administration Accountability - 2145 Words

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Assignment SEMESTER 2 2012/2013 PSCI 2523 INSTRUCTOR â€Å"ACCOUNTABILITY† | NAME | MATRIC NO. | SECTION | 1 | | 1 | | | | | INTRODUCTION. When the word Public Administration come accross one’s mind, people would think of government civil workers and bureaucracy in government office. However, Public Administration is wider than that. It comprises of many part among them are technical issues,financal issues and ethical issues.Among many of them is the importance of manegerial technique, a characteristic where an organization such as government office should have in order to organize, planned, co-ordinate and budgetting. Government office is a big†¦show more content†¦Public Administration exist to provide services to the peoples. Therefore people have rights to know how their tax money would be spend, what happen to the budgett allocate to Public Administration by government and who is taking responsibilities over any action or planned carried out by the public sectors. Eventhough there might be distortion in achieving government policy, which is sometime is cause by unavoidable external cause, the citizen are expecting Public Administration would be handle it in a way that would bring less impact to the society. In order to satisfy citizen’s almost idealistic expectations, Public Administration must have the sense of highest integrity. Government are entrusted with public funds and resources, and must adhere to the highest ethical standards. Honesty, integrity, propriety, and objectivity, These goals can only be achieved through a combination of individual proffesionalism, personal standards and rigorous control framework (Deloitte). 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He even wen t as far as to give input on how the governmentRead MoreBureaucracy And Bureaucracies1714 Words   |  7 PagesBureaucracies are a system and systems without coordination lead to problems with authority, consistency, and accountability. Authority can be lost by officials being unsure of who is charge of a situation. Bureaucracies that do not set authority for officials will have issues of controlling the bureaucracy as a whole (Kettl, 2017, 72). Authority, according to Kettl, promises accountability of an organization to consumers – or citizens in this case (2017, 85). Consistency is also important in a bureaucracy

Case Study Capital Gains Tax

Question: Case Study: Capital Gains Tax. Answer: On the date of 5th June from the present year, he also sold the share he purchased from the mining company for $ 80,000. On that present year dated 10th January he purchased those shares for the amount of $75,000. In order to purchase he borrowed as loan amount $ 70,000 further also paid interest $5, 000 for the loan. He rather paid $750 as the brokerage in order of sales of shares and also paid the stamp duty $250 for the shares. According to the law of income tax, interest based on a loan is never granted as the part of an acquisition cost. Thus, the loan of interest is never included (Kay 2012). Capital gains are there are the basic difference between the capital and cost of capital tax gain asset acquisition. Three methods of calculating capital gain in accordance to this discount, method is the first and the principal methods which are applicable in the event of gained tax at least before 12 months. The next method is the second method which is explained as the method of indexation and is applicable when there is before that of 21st of September and is applied till at least for 12 months just before the relevant gain on capital tax. The final most method is residual method, and can be applicable when it not exceeds 12 months to held the asset. So it can be stated that these methods are used in computing overall calculation of capital gain (Fischer and Gallmeyer 2014). The properties which are taken before September 20th 1985 are: Sale of residential house or the family house; Any vehicles or motor vehicles; Any acquired property which can collect less than of $500; Any certain amount which can be reimbursed from certain injury (Keohane and Olmstead 2016). Capital losses based on the long term- It is based on long term may set against the term of only capital gain. There is no scope of another possible set off. Further be forwarded to an assessment of indefinite subsequent years and it is only used set off against capital loss of Long Term (Ball 2014). Capital loss based on the short term- It can be regarded as a set off the same sources or rather than from the capital gain of long term. Regarding this, there is a term it which is brought forward as the assessment year subsequently indefinite and the set off is against both long as well as for profit of short term(Rauch and Rijsdijk 2013). We can state that Mr Dave stayed for 30 years in a two-storey flat and that which he bought for $70,000. On June 27 of the present tax year, he sold that building for $ 8, 50,000. There was an auction made on the building and for which the purchaser gave $85,000 as an advance before the purchase. But later it was found that there was no proper fund present with the purchaser to purchase that property. As it can be seen there was a forfeited done with the money and $ 85,000 which was received was charged as income from different sources (Krugman 2014). Capital gain calculation can be The total sale that was proceed was of $8, 65, 000; But there was an exemption which was defined under CST and that includes only home for family (Oulton and Sebasti-Barriel 2013). On 20th September 1985 there was also a purchasing of a pro hart for the price of $ 15,000 and was sold at for the amount of $1, 25, 000. By that Capital Gain can be stated in the follow ways: Sale was proceeded for $ 1, 25,000 Less: Content of cost acquisition 15,000*123.4/71.3 $25,961 There was also purchase of a cruiser in the year of 2004 the amount of which was $1, 10, 000 and later on June 1st of the present year it was sold to a boat broker on the amount of $60,000 (Harding 2013). Hence, the capital gain can be followed as: Proceeds in Sale $ 60,000 Less: Content of cost acquisited $ 1, 10,000. Reference List: Ball, L.M., 2014. Long-term damage from the Great Recession in OECD countries (No. w20185). National Bureau of Economic Research. Barry, V., 2014. Parsing Marriage Penalties: The Irrationality of Tax and Government Benefit Marriage Penalty Jurisprudence. U. Pa. J. Const. L., 17, p.1183. Ferrer, A., Casals, J. and Sotoca, S., 2014. Conditional coverage and its role in determining and assessing long-term capital requirements. Available at SSRN 2447673. Fischer, M. and Gallmeyer, M.F., 2014. Heuristic portfolio trading rules with capital gain taxes. Journal of Financial Economics (JFE), Forthcoming. Fishman, S., 2014. Working for Yourself: Law Taxes for Independent Contractors, Freelancers Consultants. Nolo. Goold, P.R., 2015. Is Copyright Infringement a Strict Liability Tort. Berkeley Tech. LJ, 30, p.305. Harding, M., 2013. Taxation of dividend, interest, and capital gain income. Katz, L., 2014. Long-term unemployment in the Great Recession. Members-only Library.